Stress - such as the death of a loved one, financial loss, and parenting stress from school closures - can alter immune-regulating hormones. “When people don’t get the sleep they need, they’re unable to kind of build the army of T cells that are important for protecting us against viruses,” said Prather.Ĭhronic stress is also known to impair the antibody response to a flu vaccine. It also mutes the body’s response to flu and hepatitis vaccinations. Sleepless nights are proven to increase a person’s susceptibility to developing the common cold.
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Insufficient sleep is another predictor of how well our immune system responds to vaccination, according to Prather. As we age, there’s a decline in the number, activity and diversity of the immune system’s protective T cells, a process scientists dub “immunosenescence.” By the age of 50, our T cell production is less than 10% of its peak.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The flu vaccine is about 70% to 90% effective in young adults – but less than 55% effective in the elderly, according to the U.S. “Or perhaps put people at risk, through a suboptimal response?”įor instance, age is known to play a role. “What are the factors in our lives that can actually contribute, and create an enhanced response?” he said. While new evidence shows that the Pfizer vaccine is effective for at least six months, its long-term durability is not known.īy measuring antibodies and T cells over time, “this study will help us understand the ‘time course’ of people’s responses,” said Aric Prather, an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and co-investigator of the UCSF study. And our defenses fade at different rates. It responds by deploying T cells, which identify and kill infected cells, and B cells, which produce the antibodies that bind to the virus so it can’t enter the cell.īut experience with other vaccines shows that not everyone responds equally well. Vaccines are designed to give the immune system a lasting memory of the viral components so that it can attack when confronted with the actual pathogen. The California Department of Public Health would not disclose the number of so-called “breakthrough cases” but said it is studying where and how frequently they occur. In some rare cases, people can still develop COVID-19 despite vaccination. The Johnson & Johnson shot is 72% effective. A two-dose regimen of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines prevents 92.6% of infections by two weeks after the second shot. By Friday, about 17 percent of Americans had been inoculated.
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is rushing to expand access to the precious COVID-19 vaccines.